Creation history

5. — Extraverted and Introverted Types.

Jung distinguished 8 psychological types in his typology. Among them, four types are extroverted, and other four types are introverted.

Besides, the above 8 types are divided into rational and irrational types.

How Jung’s psychological types are arranged shows the next diagram. This arrangement also fits the Mandala of Characters.

The above diagram shows the general divisions by Jung’s terminology. This diagram is my interpretation of Jung’s typology. I presented this typology in such a way that it is also matched to the Mandala of Characters.

Eight dots placed on the circle correspond to eight psychological types created by Jung. The arrangement of these types is not original as in Jung’s typology. But the location of types is also adapted to the Mandala of Characters. I will come back to the original Jung’s division again in a moment.

The above diagram shows that Jung divides types into two general parts. That is, types:

• Rational (types on the right and on the left side of the diagram) and
• Irrational (Aesthetic), (types at the bottom and the top of the diagram)

Next, the Rational types are divided into:

• Mental—thoughtful or intellectual—ordering the content of consciousness by concepts;
• Sensory—valuing or evaluating—ordering the content of consciousness by values.

And, the Irrational types are divided into:

• Intuitive—using Intuition—so-called unconscious perception or extra-sensory perception.
• Sensational—using the senses—so-called conscious perception or sensory perception.

Jung, apart from that, divided his psychological types into Extroverted and Introverted types.

On the next diagram, I am presenting 8 Jung psychological types. We can see there how Jung named and arranged his types?

As we can see Jung’s psychological types are arranged on two rims: the outer and the inner.

On the outer rim, there are extraverted types.

And, on the inner rim, there are introverted types.

The whole diagram is divided into four parts. This above four-parts division is also compatible with Jung’s ideas.

Jung, on his 75th birthday, carved a kind of mandala in a stone. We can see on this carving division into four parts. Besides, Jung has placed there many symbolic signs, symbolic figures, and inscriptions on his mandala. In this way, he had presented his knowledge.

Please look at the figure below.

So, we can see above that the distribution of Jung’s psychological types is different from the Mandala of Characters. It is because I matched Jung’s psychological types to other typologies from which Mandala of Characters is created. So, in sum, the location of types on the Mandala is based on the location of the analogical types in different personality theories. That is:

• Enneagram.
• Ancient personality systems. Mainly Aristotle’s ideas.
• Jung’s typology “Psychological Types”, and later personality typologies based on Jung’s work.

What types are analogous in various typologies I found out mainly by my analysis. Part of these analyses I presented in the above chapters in this work.

Then, in summary, I arranged Jung’s 8 psychological types differently on the Mandala of Characters.

In Jung’s typology on the inner rim are placed Introverted types, and on the outer rim are placed Extraverted types.

In the Mandala of Characters, both Introverted and Extraverted types are placed on one circle.

Besides, I adapted Jung’s division into Rational and Irrational types. That is, Rational are Thinking and Feeling types, and Irrational are Sensing and Intuitive types.

In general, the arrangement of the personality types on one circle turned out to be a good idea. It is because, thanks to this, it was easier for me to match the types from different personality typologies. It means:

• the Enneagram,
• the Ancient system (along with the H. J. Eysenck personalities which are based on the Ancient system),
• and the Jung’s typology (along with later typologies based on the Jung’s ideas, such as MBTI®, Socionics, etc.)

In the above chapters, I gave many explanations, and I presented the way in which I found why particular types should be located in specific places.

However, apart from many of the above explanations, I tried to find some more clear and logical examples that my thinking is indeed correct. I wanted to be more certain that particular types of characters are appropriately arranged. The effect of these thoughts I am describing below.

The above diagram shows the Ancient system. This system contains four Elements. That is:

• Fire,
• Water,
• Air,
• and Earth.

Between these Elements, there are four features of these Elements. That is:

• hot,
• cool (or cold),
• moist (or wet),
• and dry.

In turn, in the considerations about Enneagram, I modified this typology. It means I extended it. I needed extend Enneagram to fit it to the Mandala of Characters. In this extended Enneagram, there are:

• four central (or straight) types,
• four Extraverted types,
• and four Introverted types.

As for central types, while creating the Mandala of Characters, I was quite sure where they should be? Doubts, on the other hand, still appeared in the case of Extraverted and Introverted types. In determining where these types are located, I used:
- the articles about Enneagram that are telling where are Extraverted and Introverted types,
- and my observations of particular types in normal life.

Besides, I tried to find some other, as far as possible simple and logical, justification where are located Extraverted and introverted types? And in the searching for a logical and simple justification of Extraverted and Introverted types, also helped me the Ancient System of Elements and Temperaments.

The diagram below shows the Ancient System on which I put the circle from the Mandala of Characters. On this circle are central (or straight) types. There are no Extraverted and Introverted types on it yet. It is because I tried to justify the location of these types once again.

In the above diagram, I indicated in which places there are central types. I did it according to my extended Enneagram and other conclusions from my considerations that I described in previous chapters.

And, I still need to mark Extroverted and Introverted types. That is, I need to label two types in every of four areas. The areas corresponding to four Elements. It means, Fire, Water, Air, and Earth.

Both the Elements and the features of these Elements create two pairs of opposites.

Elements are divided into the following pairs of opposites:

• FIRE and WATER
• AIR and EARTH

Features of Elements are divided into two opposites:

• HOT and COOL (or COLD)
• DRY and MOIST (or WET)

Elements and features correlate each other. That is, each Elements has two features. It means:

• FIRE — is HOT and DRY
• WATER — is MOIST (or WET) and COOL (or COLD)
• AIR — is HOT and MOIST (or WET)
• EARTH — is DRY and COOL (or COLD)

The fact that two features describe each Element can be associated with Jung’s psychological types. It means, Jung distinguishes four functions, and each of these functions is divided into two general attitudes. These two attitudes are Extraversion and Introversion. And in total, we have eight psychological types. It is because, we have four functions (Thinking, Feeling, Intuition and Sensing). And each of these functions can be Introverted or Extraverted.

At this moment, to my mind came an analogy between the two issues. It means:

• 4 Elements that have 2 features, in the Ancient System, and
• 4 Functions that have 2 attitudes, in the Jung’s psychological types.

Now, if we combine the above points together, we can say that:

• Extraversion and Introversion attitudes from Jung’s typology we can treat as analogous to the features of 4 Elements from Ancient System.
• So, if we match Jung’s attitudes with Ancient features of Elements, each of the four Elements we can treat as Extraverted or Introverted.

The next problem is to determine which features in each of the four Elements can be equivalent of Extraverted attitude? And which features can be equivalent of Introverted attitude?

Before resolving this problem, I remind, what are Extraversion and Introversion?

Thus, these terms correspond to, for example, questions such as:

• Where do we get energy from?
• Where do we prefer to target our attention?

I think I need here explain one issue.

Before I described Extraversion and Introversion as "general attitude". Term “general attitude” among others was used by Jung to define Extraversion and Introversion. Defining Extraversion and Introversion as “source of energy” I took from Myers-Briggs typology. Myers-Briggs typology was created on the base of Jung’s typology.

So, if we use the Myers-Briggs point of view, we can say that Extraversion and Introversion are describing the way in which energy flows in our psyche. (Please note that this energy movement we can also associate with the movement which we have in Enneagram. That is movement from type to type during changing psychological states. It means, between stress, relax and typical state of the particular type of Enneagram.).

By associating this energy approach with the last diagram above, Elements and their features we can conclude that:

• The Elements are energies.
• And the features of these energies are the directions of the movement of these energies.

Or by converting it further — we have:

• Elements.
• And the energies, that are created from these Elements.

Or in other words — we have:

• 4 Elements.
• And the 4 energies that these Elements produce.

Dear reader, I know, It sounds complicated, but further in this article, it will become more clear.

In short, the 2 energies which are created by each of the Elements can be assigned to Extraversion or Introversion.

So, every Element, that is, Fire, Water, Air, and Earth are divided into Extraversion and Introversion.

Now, let’s try to decide which energy (or feature of Element) is Extraverted, and which is Introverted?

Extraversion it is the energy that goes outside of us. Towards the “outside world” (towards: people, things, situations, etc.).

And Introversion it is the energy that is associated with our “inner world” (associated with ideas, information, explanations, values, etc.).

So, if we associate above, we can say:

• Extraversion is dynamic, and Introversion is more static and potential.
• Or Extraversion is energy with plus sign, and Introversion is energy with minus sign.
• Or Extraversion is energy that causes acceleration, and Introversion is energy that causes delay braking (or speed control).
• Or Extraversion caused energy that flows outside, and Introversion accumulates energy inside.
• Or Extraversion has a higher temperature (is hotter). And Introversion has lower energy (is cooler).
• Or Extraversion is more expansive (or attacking). And Introversion is more defensive.
• Etc.

I think that in this way we can associate further many analogical opposites representing Extraversion and Introversion.

Please, however, do not conclude that Extraversion has more energy than Introversion because it is as a completely different matter. Both can have the same amount of energy. The difference is that Introverts and Extraverts use their energy differently. Or in other words, Introverts and Extraverts direct their energy to other issues or other things in life.

And the amount of energy that Extraverts and Introverts have may correspond to for example:

• willingness to live,
• power to act,
• need to do something,
• ease of doing certain things,
• self-commitment,
• drive for action,
• etc.

Now, if we have an idea of what Extraversion and Introversion can be, then let’s analyze each Element one after the other.

FIRE — is divided into two features of energies: HOT and DRY. I think we can say here that:

• HOT — fits Extraversion, and
• DRY — fits Introversion.

Why?

Because HOT is more dynamic and DRY is more static.

AIR — is divided into HOT and WET (or MOIST). We can, therefore, conclude that:

• HOT — fits Extraversion, and
• WET (or MOIST) — fits Introversion.

Why?

HOT is, for example, hotter than something WET (or MOIST). Indeed, WET may be HOT as well, but here HOT is the energy that flows (or radiates) outside more that WET.

WATER — is divided into WET (or MOIST) and COOL (or COLD). We, therefore, conclude that:

• WET (or MOIST) — fits Extraversion, and
• COOL (or COLD) — fits Introversion.

Why?

Because in this case, WET is more dynamic energy than COOL. For example, WET is between Elements of AIR and WATER. That is, WET is usually warmer than COOL, and COOL is between Elements of WATER and EARTH. Besides, WET is closer to HOT than COOL in the above diagram representing ancient Elements and features of Elements.

EARTH — is divided into DRY and COOL (or COLD). So, we conclude that:

• DRY — fits Extraversion, and
• COOL (or COLD) — fits Introversion.

Why?

Because DRY is warmer than COOL. Besides, in the above scheme COOL lies opposite HOT. So, COOL (or COLD) is the coldest feature among Elements. Then, in this case, DRY is more dynamic.

Now, I put above considerations on the diagram of Elements and features of Elements.

In the diagram above, we can now see where are the Extraverted types, and where are Introverted types?

In that case, we can also determine which types of characters are Extraverted, and which are Introverted?

I marked this in the next diagram below.

In the above diagram, I marked the location of Introverted and Extraverted types.

Now we can see that on the diagram appeared areas where are Extraversion and Introversion. I marked these areas with the help of blocks or bars inside the circle on which particular types of characters are arranged.

In this way we have received:

• two bars, where there is EXTRAVERSION (one horizontal and the other vertical), and
• two bars, where there is INTROVERSION (also one vertical and one horizontal).

Besides, according to the Jung’s division into rational and irrational types, we can distinguish:

• rational and irrational EXTRAVERSION, and
• rational and irrational INTROVERSION.

The above diagram made me very intrigued and inspired. And led me to make further associations.

Please notice that Extraverted types overlap in a place where is HOT, while Introverted types overlap in a place where is COOL.

So, we have some kind of energy poles. One pole is EXTRAVERSION, and the other is INTROVERSION. Please look at the diagram below.

Then, if the energy poles: EXTRAVERSION—INTROVERSION we will put on the Mandala of Characters along with methods of thinking, we can come to the next interesting conclusions. Please look at the diagram below.

In the diagram, we can see that the most EXTRAVERSION is in the place where is BELIEVE (or religious method of thinking, or principles, dogmas, statements, commandments, thesis, etc.).

This is with a line with the Enneagram because we can find here are two Enneagram types:

• Type 7 of the Enneagram—this type in the diagram is marked as “X”. This type also corresponds with Extraverted Thinking by Jung’s typology.
• • Type 8 of the Enneagram—this type in the diagram is marked as “XI”. This type also corresponds with Extraverted Intuition by Jung’s typology.

In short:

These types in their Conscious State are guided by the method of thinking (or method of considering, reflecting, etc.) based on belief, faith, dogmas, principles, commandments, proven philosophies, establish believes, etc.

The difference between them is that:

• Type X (or Type 7 in Enneagram, or Extraverted Thinking in Jung’s typology) believes more in logic.
• Type XI (or Type 8 in Enneagram, or Extraverted Intuition in Jung’s typology) is more connected with religious thinking. Type XI is more guided by his convictions in which he believes and is often able to defend them effectively. This type is willing also to make efforts to impose his beliefs on others.

Type X (or type 7 in Enneagram, or Extraverted Thinking in Jung’s typology) also tries to defend his beliefs. And also from time to he tends to impose his beliefs on others. But he does so base on logic and his suitable behavior used as a good example to follow by others. That is, he tries to show by his action that what he believes in is right. This attitude is often associated with high activity of this type.

In turn, the most Introversion is in the place where is MAGIC (or influence). Here we can find the following types:

• Type IV (or Type 4 in Enneagram, or Introverted Feeling in Jung’s typology), and
• Type V (no equivalent in Enneagram, in Jung’s typology it is Introverted Sensing). In my considerations in previous chapters this type is marked as “10”.

In short:

For both types in the Conscious State, one of the biggest goals is to make the greatest possible impact on the surrounding environment. The difference between them is that:

• Type IV (or Type 4 in Enneagram, or Introverted Feeling in Jung’s typology) is making his “magical” influence thanks to his feeling function. It means, this type mainly keeps focus and follows his feelings. It helps him in:
  —creating a specific emotional mood;
  —making sudden changes in mood;
  —showing specific emotions;
  —using his knowledge, experience, and skills to charm or enchant others;
  —etc.
• Type V (no equivalent in Enneagram, in Jung’s it is Introverted Sensing) is making his “magical” impact thanks to his sensing function. So, he will in turn charm or enchant others with something more specific. For example, with his:
  —knowledge;
  —intellectual performance;
  —achievements;
  —work that he did;
  —specific attitude;
  —appropriate involvement:
  —etc.

These introverted types often are not making an impression that they are doing anything special. For others, they seem just nice, funny, interesting, etc. However, they are able to make a strong impact on others. Here can be interesting one fact concerning these two types. Thanks to their skills in influencing others, often these types have the impression that they are the wisest among all people they have contact with. Of course, this impression is not always in line with reality. The fact that someone can be charmed, enchanted or manipulated by these types, does not necessarily mean that in general, is less wise.